These are the main contents for next exam:
PRIMARY SECTOR
The primary sector produces RAW materials. these are things we get directly from the Earth or from living things.we use raw materials in their natural form and sometimes we transform them into other things.
TYPES OF PRIMARY SECTOR ACTIVITIES
Arable farming
Farmers use plants to produce plants products (crops):
- Dry crops: grow with rainwater (potatoes)
- Irrigated crops: need more water (rice)
Livestock farming
Farmers use land to raise animals, mostly for food products:
- Intensive farming: many animals live together in an enclosed space
- Extensive farming: the animals spend a lot of time outside.
Fishing
Most fishing is done at the sea:
- Coastal fishing: boats stay close to the land
- Deep-sea fishing: they go out on the high sea for many weeks
- Fish farming: fish and seafood produced inland.
Forestry
It is growing trees for their woods or other products. To avoid deforestation forestry companies try to grow trees in a sustainable way.
Mining
It is taking natural materials from the Earth's crust.
- Underground mining: Tunnels below the Earth's surface
- Open-cast mining materials are removed from the surface.
PRIMARY SECTOR IN SPAIN
In the 20th century: 60% of active population
Nowadays 4% of active population
Farmers grow different types of crops in different arts of Spain:
Andalucía:olive groves
Comunitat Valenciana: oranges
Extremadura: pig frming
Fishing is an important industry
In the forestry sector the most important forests are cork oak trees.
SECONDARY SECTOR
Raw materials from the primary sector are used to make products to sell. Manufacturers sell some products directly and others are transformed into different materials.
Most manufacturing industries use industrial methods: big quantities of product in a shot time.
Some crafts or artisan methods still exist: handmade products.
Processing industries
They transform raw materials into intermediate products. they are used, for example: chemical, steel, food or pharmaceutical industries.
Construction industries
Make buildings, roads and bridges. They use raw and processed materials, machinery and equipment from the capital goods industries.
Energy industries
They produce energy. Most power comes from raw materials such as coal, gas and oil (non-renewable). It is becoming more common to use renowable energy sources.
Consumer goods industries
They use raw mwterials, intermediate materials and equipment produced in the processing and capital goods industries, to make final products that people and industries can buy.
Capital goods industries
They take the intermediate materials from the processing industries and use them to manufacture machinery, equipment or parts that can the be usedd to produce final products: parts of cars, machinery, clothes...
They also produce some products that are used in the tertiary sector services such as aeroplanes and buses.
SECONDARY SECTOR IN SPAIN
Employs approximately 20% of the active population. Most industries are in big cities like barcelona, Bilbao or Madrid.
Today, important industries include energy production, car manufacturing, pharmaceutical industry, olive oil production, the fashion industry and shoe manufacturing.
TERTIARY SECTOR
The tertiary sector provides services to customers. Services are something businesses do for customers. Customers can be individuales, companies or public sector organizations. The tertiary sector is sometimes called the service sector.
Social and support services
Some services do not generate money. Governments pay the workers because these services are important. Examples: education, healthcare and security services.
Support services provide help for individuales or companies.
They include accountants and other financial services or administration services to manage work.
Entertainment and leisure services
These are services people want to buy because they improve their quality of life. Examples: cinemas and sports centres.
The tourism industry (hotels, museums and entertainment for tourists.
Media and communication: internet, television and radio.
Sale of commercial goods
The direct sale of goods to an individual is called retail. In the past, customers had to go to shops, today a lot of people buy online.
Trade is when goods are bought and sold between businesses; traders buy goods from the secondary sector and sell to retailes, then the retailer sell to the final costumer.
Same country: domestic trade
Different countries: international trade.
Transport and logistic services
People need to move from their home to other places. Forms of transport are very important in modern society.
Trade and retail depend on transport to move goods from the place where they are produced to the shops and warehouses.
TERTIARY SECTOR IN SPAIN
About 76% of active population (principally trade, tourism and transport)
Spain's principal exports: chemical products, fruit and vegetables and shoes.
Main imports: machinery, food and textiles.
Most people come to Spain for beach tourism, cultural tourism, rural tourism and adventure tourism. Spain has an excellent network of roads and many ports and airports.
NAVARRE
PRIMARY SECTOR IN NAVARRE
The main products from the primary sector in Navarre are:
Arable farming: wine grapes, vegetables
Livestock farming: Pigs, cattle.
Fishing: NO
Mining: NO
Forestry: woods
SECONDARY SECTOR IN NAVARRE
Cars, food and drink, textile industry, renewable energy industries
TERTIARY SECTOR IN NAVARRE
tourism (Cultural: San Fermín), rural tourism and natural tourism. Social and support services (healthcare).
